Guide on building a Self Sufficient garden.

This is a guide on building a Self Sufficient garden.





The idea is to build a Self Sufficient/Survival Garden that will meet the basic needs of a single person. I'll expand everything out as I learn and record more. This whole list is based on a temperate zone’s climate. For someone living near the equator or in Alaska, this guide will be less useful. Additionally this guide won't take into account things like water consumption, dietary changes, allergies, difficulties in preserving food, dealing with pests, preserving seeds, dealing with thieves, or even soil management. The entire idea of this is to break down what the yield and square footage are given decent conditions. I recommend reading about square foot gardening, companion planting, farmers almanacs and books on perennials when it comes to finding out more information on all of these.

I have also done much of these calculations assuming the average backyard. Calculating crop yields per 1000 square feet is convenient to me as the average american yard is roughly just under a quarter acre or 10,000 square feet.

If anyone finds any major inaccuracies in this, please submit an edit with a source.



Bulk Calorie Crops: Things that will make up the majority of the calories that you eat in all likelihood. These foods produce so many calories in such a small area that it would be a good idea to implement one or more of these crops into a garden plan. I’ll be calculating all of these based on average calories(Kilocalories really) needed by a person a day at 2000kcal daily.

Flint/Dent/Flour Corn: For standard corn (that is not sweetcorn or popcorn) the average amount of calories per acre is 12 to 15 million calories. Per 1000 sq ft (a roughly 33ft by 33ft patch of land) that’s roughly 300,000 calories per harvest. Assuming a 2000 calorie diet, that’s enough to last 150 man days with no other food sources. So 3000 sq ft of corn will provide 450 man days of food. More than enough to make it through the year, have enough for seedcorn, make whisky, and have leftovers for trade. Though farming it will require a mill or some other tool to grind the pseudocereal.

Potatoes: For the average potato, the yield is even better than corn at 17million calories per acre. That’s 377,777 calories per 1000 sq ft, or roughly 188 man days of food. This means that 2000 sq ft of potatoes will yield 377 man days of food. A much better yield than corn. However potatoes do spoil more and have to be propagated by their eyes making seed potato more of an issue than corn. However, one of the most important things to consider is that Potatoes taste better and have a more versatile culinary range than corn, additionally lacking the need for any kind of mill.

Wheat: Surprisingly wheat is nowhere near as efficient in land use for calorie use compared to corn and potatoes. Wheat is at 4 - 6 million calories per acre or 133,000 calories per 1000 sqft. That’s less than 67 man days of food. Meaning it would take over 5000 square feet of wheat to feed a person for a year. To do that same math in lbs produced, the average acre pulls in roughly 44 bushels per. Or roughly one bushel per 1000ft, a bushel being roughly 60lbs. The main advantages of wheat are its culinary uses when milled and versatility in the kitchen, as well as its long storage time. Note if wheat has a fungus growing on it it’s likely to be egrot (this is a precursor to LSD) spoiling the crop and making it unfit for eating, though it may be useful for recreation or trade. Note that many improved varieties of wheat exist which make finding solid data on this hard. Additionally, many people do not differentiate between spring wheat (which is planted in spring and harvested in late summer to fall. To Winter wheat which is planted in early fall and grows through winter to be harvested in late spring. This makes finding decent information more complicated than it should be. Note that wheat requires malting to make beer (selectively sprouting it to turn starch into sugar) and grain mills to make bread.

Barley, wheat’s neglected cousin. This crop is easier to grow but less popular. Barely produces around 66.7 bushels per acre. At 48 lbs per acre that’s roughly 71lbs of barely per 1000 square feet. At 1606calories per lb that gives it roughly 57 man days of foodWhile not as culinanaily useful as wheat, it is a popular option for survival gardens due to its ease of growing, and better use of making beer. Note, like wheat barley also has winter and spring varieties that need to be taken into account when planning a field.

Rice: At 11 million calories per acre, rice is nearly twice as efficient as wheat. Per 1000sq ft that’s 244,000 calories or roughly 120 man days of food. Contrary to popular belief rice does not need to be flooded to grow, that’s simply used as a pest deterrence. Rice does not require grain mills and has a decent amount of versatility as a food ingredient. It’s currently feeding half the world and is a worthwhile consideration to many small farms.

Acorns: Yes, acorns are edible but need to be processed first in order to make acorn flour. Acorn flour is an unusual ingredient that can function as a gluten free flour such as almond flour. The process is somewhat labor intensive and requires a decent amount of freshwater to leach out the tannins. However this is an option that should be left available as many people may have oak trees on their property that are not being harvested. However a fully grown oak tree can have a diameter of 80ft meaning the total land use of this tree can be up to 5000 sqft without including the shadow cast on the land around the tree. Oak trees can also provide extra firewood that naturally drops from the tree and can supply an additional protein source as squirrels and deer will also be attracted to the falling acorns as a food source. Note If you choose to plant Oak trees it will take years to decades before a serious crop can be grown, but a regular garden can be kept around the oak sapling as it grows. Note, the best varieties of acorns are those that are the largest with the least tannins. So use white acorns if you have the opportunity. Oak trees also produce acorns inconsistently so one year may be much worse than the other. This is important to keep in mind when planning a garden. Expected Yield of a fully grown oak tree is going to vary intensively year by year, but a reasonable estimate is around 30lbs for a normal year with bumper crops getting to 5x that amount. Oak trees can easily be planted years in advance and can be harvested for food when necessary in the meantime, said trees will sequester carbon and produce timber resources.

Oats: Some people are into oatmeal. Oats usually produce about 59 bushels per acre, at 32 lbs per bushel, that’s 1888 lbs per acre. At 1700 calories per pound that’s roughly 3.2 million calories per acre. That’s great per acre, but per 1000 square feet it provides 70,000 calories or roughly 35 man days of calories.

Buckwheat: This may be the least impressive plant on this list. One acre of buckwheat produces only 1.5 million calories, so 33 thousand calories per 1000 square feet Or 16 man days of food per 1000 square feet of buckwheat grown. There is one great thing about this crop though. It has the shortest growing period I’ve found at 70-90 days from seed to harvest. This is much better than regular wheat which can take 180 days or even potatoes which require 120 minimum. This makes Buckwheat a great option for double cropping and crop rotation. It’s easy to grow, will survive in many conditions, this is a worthwhile consideration in a self sufficient garden.


Protein Crops: Man can’t survive on bread alone, man can’t survive on anything alone. Man needs a varied and nutritious diet to get through the day. And if Man is doing farmwork out in the field all day trying to figure out how to get a rotting log out of Man’s field, Man will certainly need some muscle mass and therefore protein. These crops are options for high protein foods and I’ll be calculating these by the normal daily amount of protein needed for a human per day at 50 grams.

Black Turtle Beans: A favorite of anyone making meat substitutes or tacos. At 2000 - 2500 lbs per acre yield is roughly 55lbs of beans per 1000 sq ft. That’s 5777 grams of protein, per 1000 sqft harvest. Or 115 man days of protein, assuming black beans made up all of the protein in a person's diet.

Lentils: Small, mighty and full of protein. At 1000 - 1500 lbs per acre letail yield is roughly 33lbs per 1000 square feet. That 33lbs of lentils provides 3466 grams of protein which is 69 man days of protein provided nothing but lentils were eaten. I recommend making a dish of lentil dal before deciding whether or not to grow this.

Chickpeas/Garbanzo Beans: My Personal favorite due to being the main ingredient in hummus. At 1700 - 2500lbs of chickpeas per acre is roughly 55lbs of beans per 1000 sq ft. That’s 5445 grams of protein. That's 108 man days of protein. That’s a lot of hummus to make.

Peanuts: The main ingredient in peanut butter, and in more sandwiches I eat than I care to admit. At 3000 - 4000 lbs per acre they produce 88lbs per 1000 square feet. That’s 10488grams of protein per 1000 sq ft or roughly 209 man days of protein. It may be difficult to survive off nearly only peanuts, but my younger self would not agree.

Soy: Inside everything from tofu to milk, and with good reason. Soy averages at 3000lbs per acre at 513,066 grams of protein per acre. That’s roughly 11401 grams per 1000 square feet, or 228 man days of protein. This is by far the best value on this list for protein, and leads me to believe I should start looking up how to make tofu from scratch.

Peas: In a pod, but for the sake of math we’ll be taking them out. Not the most impressive crop on this list at 1200-2000 pounds per acre or roughly 44lbs per 1000square feet. So 44lbs of peas will net 4800 grams of protein or roughly 96 man days of protein. Not great, but some people like peas.


Oil Crops: Some people may be wondering why I’ve included this. The truth is that oil is necessary not just for various fats the body needs (in small amounts). But is a major culinary boost and can be a real help to anyone trying to survive off of only potatoes. Additionally oil can be used to make everything from soap to biodiesel (not ethanol you need sugar crops for that). Oil is also needed in working with tools, waterproofing cloth, lube, paint, lamp oil, and probably several other miscellaneous uses I can’t even think of. The point is that oil is useful, here are some places to get self-sufficient oil from. Please note that nearly everything on this list requires some kind of an oil press to extract the oil out of. Also a piece of data sourced by wikipedia is journeytoforever.org which has an easy to use list of oil yields per acre of crop, however I cannot find any sources for this information that was found other than sources that look to be copied from here. So take this data with a grain of salt.

Avocados: Millennial dream, shame it only grows in warm climates up to usda 9. Avocados produce 282 gallons of oil per acre, that’s roughly 6.26 gallons per 1000 square ft, a considerable amount. This is great info, but for a single tree that takes up around 200 square feet (and is 30-40ft tall) a single tree produces 60lbs of avocados. Assuming that as much as a third of their weight is in oil and all of that can be extracted (this is a big if), that should be roughly 20 pounds of oil per tree (or 2.6 gallons of oil per tree), still considerable provided that one hundred percent of the oil can be expelled from the avocado. As a side note Avocados do not require a pollinating companion.

Walnuts: These nuts are fantastic for self sufficiency, high in protein, high in oil, and the trees can be taped for sugar rich nutty sap to make a product comparable to maple syrup. An acre of walnut trees can produce 258 gallons of oil or roughly 5.73 gallons of oil per 1000 square feet. A single walnut tree takes up anywhere from 450-2000 square feet, they require pollination, but are wind pollinated, not by insects. Doing my own math here. Walnut trees drop 66-350 pounds of walnuts with the highs and lows being on alternating years. Assuming a 60% yield of oil and 15% usable nut meat per nut, that single tree can produce 210lbs of oil or roughly 3.9375 gallons in a good year. Though realistic values will go average out to about 2.25 gallons of oil per year. Please note that the time and effort required to process walnuts is extensive to say the least. Why is it every time I try to do math on walnuts something looks wrong?

Pecans: Not just for pies and southern cooking. Pecan trees can produce 191 gallons per acre or roughly 4.2 gallons per 1000 square feet. Pecan trees can grow to be massive at 70ft tall and a spread of 50ft, Meaning a single tree can require nearly 2000 square feet of space or roughly the same size as a walnut tree. Pecans are roughly 65% oil at 100lbs of pecans for a healthy tree that number is roughly 65lbs of oil converting to roughly 8 gallons of oil for a single tree. Pecans can self pollinate but do best when there are other pecan trees nearby.

Olives: An oil solution from the Greeks, thank Athena, I just wish she gave them a growing zone above USDA 10. Olive trees produce 129 gallons of oil per acre or roughly 2.8 gallons per 1000 square feet. The average olive tree grows only about 18ft wide taking up 250 square feet of land. A mature olive tree produces roughly 40lbs of olives a year, at 20% oil content that translates to just under a gallon of olive oil per tree. Although it would be beneficial to have two for the purposes of cross pollination.

Rapeseed (Canola): First on the list not to be a permaculture crop. This means less long term planning is needed as this can just be planted every year as needed. This also means that it has to be planted every year, and harvesting is likely more difficult than shaking a tree onto a tarp and waiting for the fruit to fall. Anyway rapeseed produces 127 gallons of oil per acre or roughly 2.8 gallons of oil per 1000 square feet.

Opium Poppy: This one surprised me too. At 124 gallons of oil per acre it produces roughly 2.7 gallons per 1000 square feet. I would try growing rapeseed instead though as it’s less likely to involve a raid by the police.

Peanuts: Already mentioned in the protein crops so this one is a winner. At 113 gallons per acre peanuts produce 2.5 gallons per 1000 square feet.

Sunflowers: At 102 gallons per acre this is an excellent crop for both aesthetic, pollination, and oil production uses. Per 1000 square feet this produces 2.2 gallons of oil.

Rice: Also on the bulk calorie crops table so this crop has a surprising double use. At 88 gallons per acre this produces 1.9 gallons of oil per 1000 square feet.

Sesame: A vital component in tahini and therefore hummus production. At 74 gallons per acre

Hazelnuts (Filberts): Surprisingly little of it in Nutella. Filberts are a great tree to grow when space is limited and something other than fruit is wanted. Hazelnut trees can be planted in areas roughly 20ft by 20ft, or at a 20ft diameter circle of 314 square feet. Modern hazelnut varieties provide roughly 2800ft per acre. Roughly 108 trees can be placed well per acre, and will yield roughly 2800lbs of nuts. That’s roughly 25lbs of nuts per tree. At 60% oil by weight of dry hazelnuts a single tree can produce 15lbs of oil per tree with an efficient process or nearly 2 gallons. Meaning that 3 trees can produce up to 45lbs or 5.5 gallons of oil, on nearly 1000 square feet. An impressive figure provides nearly all the oil can actually be pressed. Although hazelnuts are wind pollinated they still need another variety nearby to pollinate with

Flax:

Hemp:

Cotton:

Corn: Literally the only reason I’m including this on the list is because I never realized how inefficient corn oil is. Corn is a great crow for producing carbohydrates, terrible for oils. There’s a reason corn ethanol is produced and not corn biodiesel.

Algae?: This one everyone has heard about. Most people probably remember headlines years ago stating that algae would be powering everything within ten years due to its ability to produce biofuel out of practically nothing but waste water. Nowadays the only time I hear about algae fuel is in the background of science fiction novels. The truth is algae seems to be an incredibly effective way of producing fuel, but at the moment it’s more small scale and not large industrial scale. It’s more analogous to brewing or mushroom farming than factory farming which is part of the reason it hasn’t taken over. Nobody can just chuck a vial of microalgae culture into a pond and come back a year later to harvest a transport fleet’s supply of oil. At the moment algae is completely viable for small scale setups such as reused fish tanks and old rain barrels. But forighen contamination can take over easily which means infrastructure costs are heavy for large scale production. There are plenty of tutorials for small scale biodiesel production on the internet with various levels of success depending on skill and luck. Technically speaking Algae can produce anywhere from 5000 to 15000 gallons of fuel per acre or 188 gallons per 1000 square feet, though this would take a great deal of effort to make and refine. A more realistic number would be 1.8 gallons of fuel for 10 square feet of space, say from out of old water heaters. If anyone wants to learn more, recommend googling appleseed biodiesel reactors.







Sugar Crops: The sweet stuff, in all reality sugar is important due to its ability to aid in preserving food (there’s a reason it’s in jam and jellies) to ferment into alcohol/ethanol as a culinary aid and perhaps most importantly as a trade good. People everywhere love sugar, it’s hardwired into human’s brains and as such it naturally has a place on this list.

Sorghum:

Agave:

Sugar Beets: Not just for making references to the office. Sugar beets are different from the regular red variety found in many cans and gardens worldwide, they’re instead a whitish color, weigh 2-5lbs and are roughly 18% sucralose (or sugar) a great crop for making sugar or syrups. Sugar Beets produce roughly 8500-11000lbs per acre or an average of about 227lbs per 1000 square feet. And according to a single how to guide I could find, roughly 30lbs per 90 square feet. That same guide stated that they could produce roughly 10lbs of beets into 1lb of sugar using home kitchen tools. Based on this it may be fair to assume that something close to every 100square feet of beets can produce 3lbs of sugar once processed. Also note, the greens to the beets can be eaten regularly and are said to taste similar to swiss chard.

Tree Sap Syrups: Not just for sugar maples, though they are the most popular. Tree saps that can be boiled down include practically every maple variety that have a sap to syrup ratio of 40 to 1. Birch tree varieties that have a sugar to sap ratio of 100 to 1. Walnut/butternut tree varieties have a sugar to sap ratio of 40 to 1, but only produce roughly a third the sap of maples. There are several other varieties like ironwood and sycamore that can be tapped as well. While it may not be much syrup per tree, it is free sugar if these trees can be harvested. Well free other than having to go around drilling holes, carrying buckets of sap, and boiling said sap down to practically nothing. But other than that, it's free. Based on a result I’ve dug up for maple trees, expect 16oz of maple syrup once evaporated down per mature tree per year.

Fruit Syrups: Fruit syrups are just a matter of taking any sugar rich fruit which may or may not be about to expire, and cooking it down to paste (such as turning apples into apple butter). It’s easy to make, just a matter of cooking down the fruit in a large stock pot with a thin layer of water at the bottom so the fruit cooks and doesn’t burn. Cook this down until it has the consistency of honey and jar for long term use. Easy to try, if it’s not to your taste make ordinary jam with added sugar instead.

Honey: A product of all bees, but the best producer is the honeybee. A standard Hive can produce 30-60lbs of honey a year, and a thriving hive can produce up to 100lbs of honey per good year. This sounds amazing but it’s important to remember that bees need half that honey themselves to survive the winter. Bees are fantastic for numerous reasons, they provide wax which has loads of uses from candlemaking to soap. The bees will also do all the pollination work of a garden, so any crops that require pollination (such as nearly all fruit and vegetable crops) will be pollinated more efficiently allowing them to produce a heavier crop.



Animals For Meat and Other Resources: Animals are inefficient as primary food sources, it’s hard to deny looking at these numbers. The major benefit that I can really find for them is that animals can often serve a dual purpose, pigs are expensive to feed for example, but not when feeding them leftovers. Cows consume tons of biomatter, but that’s not an issue when they're in a fenced pasture that requires very little input from the rancher most of the year and when space isn’t an issue. Note, every animal on this list would likely need at least some degree of shelter at least in winter, will likely require foodstocks when unable to forage in winter/lean times, water sources constantly, token medical care, defense from predators, and maybe a thousand things I’m not listing. Animals are complicated creatures and the decision to get and care for them should not be taken lightly.

Cattle (meat): A steak cow is the most common type of cow that can be found while driving through the midwest. That average steak cow weighs over half a ton (1200lbs) and when properly butchered will produce around 500lbs of beef. This is a considerable amount of beef, especially when considering other side benefits such as bones of stock, leather, as well as having the long term ability to make more cattle. The problem is Cattle eat over 2% of their body weight in food per day for a 1200 lb steer, that’s 29lbs of food per day. The only saving grace from this is that cattle can digest more cellulose based foods(like hay and grasses), and can forage their own food quite well. There’s calculators online to explain how many cattle per acre land can support, but the critical factors are the amount of days cattle can actually forage (they still need food in winter) as well as The average yield (crops cows can eat per acre). It would be hard for cows to eat in marginal land, though it may still be easier than trying to farm said land. A number that floats around the internet is 1.7 acres per cattle, or roughly 76,000 square feet per animal. Keeping cattle seems to only be viable when large amounts of acreage are at the farmer’s/rancher’s disposal.

Cattle (dairy): Needed for Cheese, Butter, Cream, Sour Cream, Whey, and most importantly Milk. A normal dairy cow will produce about 1 gallon of milk per day, but with a high protein diet and modern hormones these numbers can reach 6-7gallons per day depending on availability of these resources. The problems and spacing requirements are similar to that of cows, with the amount of food needed to produce milk being insanely high. And grazing milk cows can be more difficult as the person doing the milking must either go to the cow or bring the cow to them if they’re grazing. If hooking a cow to a milking machine, that’s 29-55lbs of food that will need to be brought to the cow, with a large amount of that being corn/grain/hay to support the cow’s milk production and the calf that’s growing inside of them. That’s something people also seem to forget, to produce milk a cow has to be trying to raise a calf, this also means keeping a bull around. Speaking of that, this is a good moment to convert raw milk to finished milk products.

Cream: The richer part of the milk. Allow for a sealed container of milk freshly squirted out of a cow to sit for 24 hours. The top thick yellow white layer that settles to the top is cream. Carefully remove this without disturbing the milk products too much otherwise they’ll remix. The amount of cream compared to raw milk is determined by the composition of the raw milk and the diet of the cow.


SourCream: Great in tacos! All that’s needed is ¼ cup of milk, 1 cup of cream, and ¾ teaspoons white vinegar or equivalent. Pour all into the container, mix well, keep cool, enjoy.


Butter: Needed for everything and can be used as a substitute for oil in so many ways. Using a container of chilled cream mix/shake heavily until large clumps are formed. Strain those lumps out and press into a preferred butter shape, the remaining liquid is buttermilk which has other uses. Per container of chilled cream, roughly 1/3rd will become butter, and ⅔ will become buttermilk.


Yogurt: Best not eaten plain. To make plain yogurt, boil regular milk slightly, then when it cools to being warm, add a small amount of starter yogurt. Then allow the yogurt cultures to get to work spreading in the milk for several hours. Then transfer somewhere cool to preserve it. It’s like milk based yeast!


Cheese: Out of everything on this entire list, this made me hungry. Made by heating up milk and adding a culinary acid like lemon juice or vinegar. The amount of cheese produced out of the milk is mostly dependent on what kind of cheese you plan on making but in general 20% of the milk’s weight will be turned to cheese for lighter cheeses like cream cheese. And around 10% of the milk’s weight will be turned to cheese for harder cheeses like cheddar or gouda.


Whey: Favorited by Protein bar manufacturers everywhere. Whey is a natural product that is caused when unformed cheese curds are pressed into another shape (like a wheel or block) The excess liquid that’s expelled can then be boiled down and is effectively pure whey protein powder.




Pigs: Completely adorable! When they’re small, pigs do not remain small for long. Micro or teacup pigs are something of a myth, while they are smaller than average. Their size is considerable. Full sized domestic pigs average around 300-700lbs and micro pigs get up to nearly 200lbs. The spacing for pigs is all over for what kind of land they’ll need, the only grazing variety is the kunekune. Every other variety will eat everything and anything that vaguely resembles food, quickly turning pristine land into a mudpit. Most sources I read mention giving pigs additional food from one source or another as they’re omnivores and will eat anything that’s not incredibly poisonous. Still it looks like about 2-3 pigs per acre looks like a decent number raising pigs in pasture. As for meat, it’s been said that every part of the pig is edible (though I do have an unconfirmed source from Terry Pratchett that states squeal soup exists.) It looks like for every 250lbs of pig, 144pounds of usable meat is produced. So those 2-3 Pigs may produce as much as 720lbs of meat on the high end. The amount of food that’s required to raise a pig is daily large though, from a 30lb to a 250lb pig (250 to 300lbs being ready for slaughter) for every 1lb the farmer wants to give the PIG they have to feed the pig 3lbs of food. After the target weight of 250ish lbs, that ratio goes up to 5lbs of feed for every 1lb added to the pig, and as mentioned earlier, pigs get massive.

Sheep: Practically the national industry of Wales.

Goats: A living weed whacker, Goats are browsers and will eat anything and everything vaguely plant-like and near their face.

Chickens: If there’s one meat eaten by everyone in the world (other than fish) it’s chicken. Chickens are small, easy to care for and the hens produce eggs at an impressive rate. Chickens require roughly 3-4sqft of coop space per bird, and over 15-25sqft of space per “free range” bird. Recommended nest boxes are at least 1 cubic foot. Chickens eat roughly 0.12 -0.19lbs of feed per small chicken per day, and double that for larger meat and egg laying birds so 0.24-0.38lbs of food per large bird per day. The food these birds eat is not cellulose based but instead more nutrient rich, so consider feed made out of soybeans, wheat, cornmeal, bugs and the like. When it comes to eggs per hen, expect a number around 250 to 300+ eggs per year depending on breed (note these will not be evenly spread out as eggs produced typically dips in the colder months). At a typical egg weight of 1.76 oz, that’s .11lbs of egg, or at an average of 300 eggs per year or 33lbs of eggs per year. As far as the meat on a slaughtered hen, there are surprisingly few sources but the numbers point to roughly 65% -45% edible meat depending on weather the bones are considered edible(for stock) and whether the skin is left on). So assuming a 4lb bird roughly 2lbs of meat can be collected per slaughtered bird. Note that the breed of chicken can vary these numbers significantly as there are some chickens that are bred for meat that can go up to 12lbs.

Ducks: Similar to chickens in many respects, but they tend to forage more of their own food, and have larger (and more nutrient rich) eggs. The main downsides of keeping ducks are the fact are that chickens require less space and if need be can be pinned into tiny cages to do nothing but produce eggs/meat. Ducks require more space and require more water (at least enough to dunk their heads in). This and the larger food requirement make ducks less suitable for factory farming, it does make them great for backyard or smallholder farms though. The decision to keep ducks over chicken on a small farm can usually be brought down to the question of, would their area be relatively wet with plenty of bugs to forage, if so keep ducks instead of chickens. Ducks require at least 4sq ft of coop space (though more is often recommended) and at least 50square feet of pasture for “free range” birds. Egg laying ducks eat roughly .25lbs of feed per bird per day, though this can charge greatly based on foraging material. The amount of eggs a duck will lay varys a good amount, high egg layers like indian runners, khaki campbells and welch harlequins can all easily lay over 300 eggs per year, but Mallards and Call ducks can lay less than 100 per year. Checking species is important to say the least. Duck eggs average weight is roughly 80g compared to 55 from a chicken egg, making duck eggs roughly .176lbs each, if assuming 300lbs of eggs over the year, that’s 52.8lbs of eggs per year, not a bad haul. Could not find a guide with ratios for slaughtering ducks, so I will assume the ratio is roughly consistent between fowl. Expect 65% - 45% of usable meat per duck.

Quail

Rabbits:

Fish:




Culinary Vegetables: Necessary to provide added nutrition and balance to a person’s diet. For this, plant what you already like to eat and cook with. Since the average person likely won’t be planting and planning to survive off 1000 square feet of Celery, I’ve decided to post values at 100square feet each, fully aware many people will probably move decimal places around and plant 10 square feet each. Or just have a few plants of these constantly growing inside of a greenhouse/hothouse/vivarium/hydroponics setup for the year round supply and added yield.

Onions: Several different varieties from the sweet reds inside salads, to green as garnishment, yellow to stew with. Expect anywhere from 50-90lbs of onions per 100sqft. It’s a good thing they store well and can be used in practically any dish. Note that green onions look to average at about 2/3s to 1/2 this yield.

Celery: A necessity in both the holy cajun trinity and the french mirepoix. The yield of celery by weight is fantastic, just don’t look at its nutritional density. Though difficult to grow, celery can produce 184 pounds of produce per 100 square feet. So I would recommend growing maybe 10 square feet of it instead and yield 18 pounds.

Carrots: Orange only due to marketing reasons and a great source of vitamin A. Also the vital third ingredient in french mirepoix, carrots grow at roughly 69lbs per 100square feet. They additionally store well and make a great treat for animals.

Bell Peppers: You don’t need to grow multiple different colors, the color is usally determined by how long they stay on the plant. The third ingredient in the cajun holy trinity, bell peppers usually produce anywhere from 20-48 pounds per 100 square feet. Note this can be difficult to grow in the field, but often respond well to greenhouse and hydroponics conditions.

Hot Peppers: Using Jalapeno peppers due to easy to access data on these. Note that there are hundreds of different varieties of peppers with different growing conditions and yields, which get increadly more difficult to grow the colder it gets. Recommend using a greenhouse if possible. Jalapeno peppers can produce 8-10tons per acre, that’s roughly 40lbs per 100 square feet. As an added bonus, hot peppers repel nearly all predators as apparently humans are the only mammals that can endure their heat. This also means that blended pepper spray (bad homemade hot sauce) can be used as an all natural easy to produce pest deterrent for all other garden crops.

Garlic: When you think a recipe calls for enough garlic, triple it. Not the best yield per acre, but it’s pretty easy to grow. In order to grow, just break off a clove from the head (don’t plant the whole head) and stick it in the ground. Garlic is also a pest deterrent for several different types of bug, so it makes it a great option for companion planting or making homemade safe pesticide. Yield is 20lbs per 100square feet, and is a welcome addition to any kitchen or garden.

Summer Squash: Harvested earlier than winter squash, tender but doesn’t have a long shelf life. Examples include things like zucchini, yellow crookneck and luffas( like the scrubber). Expect 30-69lbs lbs per 100square feet planted.

Winter Squash: Harvested late in fall and can last all winter in a root cellar. Varieties include acorn, butternut, buttercup, spaghetti, and even sugar pumpkins (the cooking variety not the jack o lantern variety). Expect 20-60lbs of harvest per 100 square feet. Note this is often used in native american 3 sisters crop formations.

Kale: A super food, which means you can trade/sell it to dumb people for more money. In all honesty kale is easy to grow even in relatively shady areas and is packed with nutrients and flavor. Expect anywhere from 37-57 pounds per 100 square feet. Would recommend this crop as a greenhouse or hydroponics choice so there is availability all year round.

Spinach: Rich in iron and protein, though sadly will not make you as jacked as Popeye. It does taste a hell of a lot better than iceberg lettuce in my opinion though. Per 100square feet of growing can yield 25-40lbs of produce. Would also recommend staggering growth out or greenhousing to ensure a constant supply.

Tomatoes: Most people who hate tomatoes, hate store bought tomatoes due to how terrible they keep on the shelf. The few tomatoes that do keep on the shelf have been bred to have no flavor whatsoever. This also means that if you wish to grow tomatoes, odds are they won’t store well once picked off the vine. Be careful when preserving these as well, paranoia should be rampant when attempting to prevent botulism from home canned tomatoes. For 100 square feet of large sliceable sandwich tomatoes expect a yield of 40-80lbs. For cherry/grape/salad tomatoes expect about half as much per area planted. However cherry/grape/salad tomatoes also require less light to produce a crop. Due to difficulties in storing, I would heavily recommend growing these in a greenhouse or hydroponics system if available.

Cauliflower: A favorite of people trying to replace meat, rice, or pizza crust. Fulfills all of these rolls much better than you might think. Expect anywhere from 33 to 50lbs of yield per 100square feet. Also I recommend trying cauliflower wings sometime, buffalo style.

Cabbage: Would recommend learning to make sauerkraut if cabbage is on your planting list. Otherwise it’s great in salads, and braised with apples it can be fantastic. Yield per 100square feet ranges anywhere from 40-75 pounds.

Eggplant: They look like eggs when starting out. A favorite for people trying to go vegetarian, difficult to cook with in my experience. Yield per 100 square feet is anywhere from 33-50 pounds.

Watermelons: Not a vegetable but it’s also not a perennial so I can’t stick it with the berry bushes. Everyone loves watermelons, I just wish they had a better yield. Expect 17-22lbs of watermelons per 100square feet of growing space.





Herb Spiral: Adds Flavor for practically no space, think of this as the spice rack of the garden. Additionally many of these are perennials (or behave like it) and only need to be sown once to have a constant supply. Since herbs are often arranged in a spiral for aesthetic and space savings reasons. Recommended planting a few of these to anyone planning on actually eating their own food.

Lavender: A favorite of anyone making soap, tinctures, or tea.

Rosemary:

Tarragon:

Marjoram:

Sage:

Dill:

Chamomile:

Parsley

Lovage

Lemon Balm

Chives

Thyme

Oregano: For things other than tricking people it’s weed.

Mint: Well known for being able to take over a yard, but I’d rather have a yard of mint than a yard of Kentucky bluegrass.

Sage

Horseradish: A favorite in old school delis and secretly being wasabi in nearly every single sushi dish in existence. Horseradish is a perineal

Basil

Fennel

Wormwood

Anise

Cilantro/Coriander

Stevia

Mustard

Spicebush






Fruit Trees: Fruit, nature's way of preventing scurvy. I’ve decided to separate these from the Berry Bushes because the decision of where to place trees and the decision to place bushes is likely not going to be determined by yield, but by space. People can put a handful of strawberry plants in many more places than they can put a fifty foot persimmon tree. Additionally depending on light levels and spacing this opens up the possibility of agroforestry. Where it’s possible to grow trees (bearing fruit or nuts) in the overstory while growing plants like huckleberries in the shade. This can lead to fantastic mixed harvests. To look more into this I recommend reading up on permaculture design and studying more on individual plant requirements.

Apple Trees: Keeps the doctor away. There are three main sizes and yields to apples so I’ll be listing all of them. Please note that apples require pollination, so two different apple types are needed to pollinate (say a semi dwarf granny smith and a semi dwarf honeycrisp). This will be needed to factor into garden design and layout. Note since cider is a major reason why many people make apples, I’ve decided to include that it takes anywhere from 13-20 pounds of apples to make one gallon of cider. Please remember that these numbers are dependent on a number of factors and can dip for a multitude of things.

Standard: will grow up to 30ft tall and 30ft in diameter. These can Produce 10-20 bushels of apples or 480-960lbs of apples per tree. Expect 706 square feet of space per tree.


Semi dwarf: Will grow up to 20ft tall and 20ft in diameter. These can produce 5-10 bushels of apples or 240-480lbs of apples per tree. Expect 314 square feet of space per tree.


Dwarf: Will grow up to 12ft tall and 12ft in diameter. These can produce 1-4 bushels of apples or 48-192lbs of apples per tree. Expect 113 square feet of space per tree.

Persimmons (North American): An usual tree that many people have growing nearby, but have never heard of or tried. Grows anywhere from 30-70ft tall and should be planted 20-50ft apart from anything else. Expected Yield is 25-100lbs of fruit per tree, full of vitamin c. May or may not require pollination depending on tree variety. Expect 314 square feet of space per tree minimum.

Persimmons (Asian): Smaller than they’re north american relatives, but known to be tastier. Unfortunately they only grow in usda zones 7-10, so options can be limited. Average yield is anywhere from 15-20lbs per tree. Though these trees are often smaller than their american relatives with a good deal of variation, spacing is less of a concern.

Plums: Member of the prunus family and maybe the oldest cultivated fruit in the world. They grow up to 20ft tall and up to 20ft wide at max. With dwarfs needing about 10ft of height and 10ft of width. Require another species in the prunus family to pollinate, although this can be another species of plum. Expect a yield of 3-6 bushels from a standard sized tree and 1-2 bushels for a dwarf. At about 53 pounds per bushel, that’s 159-318 pounds of plums from a full sized tree, and 53-106 pounds from a dwarf. Note, the pits of fruit from the prunus family are able to be processed and while inedible, they can be pressed to make oil for candles or soap making.

Peaches: Member of the prunus family, and once hoarded by the nobility in medieval times. They grow up to 20ft tall and up to 20ft wide at max. With dwarfs needing about 10ft of height and 10ft of width. Require another species in the prunus family to pollinate, although this can be another species of peach. Expect a yield of 3-6 bushels from a standard sized tree and 1-3 bushels for a dwarf. At about 50 pounds per bushel, that’s 150-300 pounds of peaches from a full sized tree, and 50-150 pounds from a dwarf. Note, the pits of fruit from the prunus family are able to be processed and while inedible, they can be pressed to make oil for candles or soap making.

Apricots: Member of the prunus family, often mistaken for a nectarine. Though smaller and they turn to dried fruit easier.They grow up to 20ft tall and up to 20ft wide at max. With dwarfs needing about 10ft of height and 10ft of width. Require another species in the prunus family to pollinate, although this can be another species of apricot. Expect a yield of 3-6 bushels from a standard sized tree and 1-3 bushels for a dwarf. At about 50 pounds per bushel, that’s 150-300 pounds of apricots from a full sized tree, and 50-150 pounds from a dwarf. Note, the pits of fruit from the prunus family are able to be processed and while inedible, they can be pressed to make oil for candles or soap making.

Nectarines: Member of the prunus family, often mistaken for an apricot. Though these seem to be more on the plum side of the family than apricots. They grow up to 20ft tall and up to 20ft wide at max. With dwarfs needing about 10ft of height and 10ft of width. Require another species in the prunus family to pollinate, although this can be another species of nectarine. Expect a yield of 3-5 bushels from a standard sized tree and 2-3 bushels for a dwarf. At about 50 pounds per bushel, that’s 150-250 pounds of nectarines from a full sized tree, and 100-150 pounds from a dwarf. Note, the pits of fruit from the prunus family are able to be processed and while inedible, they can be pressed to make oil for candles or soap making.

Sweet Cherries: Member of the prunus family, familiar to both pies and fancy drinks alike. They grow up to 35ft tall and up to 20ft wide at max. With dwarfs needing about 12ft of height and 10ft of width. Require another species in the prunus family to pollinate, although this can be another species of cherry. Expect a yield of 60-75 quarts from a standard sized tree and 15-20 quarts for a dwarf. At about 1.6 pounds per quart, that’s 96-120pounds of cherries from a full sized tree, and 24-32 pounds from a dwarf. Note, the pits of fruit from the prunus family are able to be processed and while inedible, they can be pressed to make oil of candles or soap making.

SourCherries: Member of the prunus family, Though smaller and more bitter than their sweeter cousin. They grow up to 20ft tall and up to 20ft wide at max. With dwarfs needing about 12ft of height and 10ft of width.The main advantage of these over sweet cherries is that they’re self pollinating. Expect a yield of 60-75 quarts from a standard sized tree and 15-20 quarts for a dwarf. At about 1.6 pounds per quart, that’s 96-120pounds of cherries from a full sized tree, and 24-32 pounds from a dwarf. Note, the pits of fruit from the prunus family are able to be processed and while inedible, they can be pressed to make oil of candles or soap making.

Black Cherries (Rum Cherries): A delicious flavor, a shame the fruit isn’t much bigger.

PawPaws: The largest native fruit grown in North America, that nobody seems to know about. Seems to have an unusual banana custard taste that I suspect is wonderful for making pies. Paw paws grow anywhere from 10-25ft tall and up to nearly 15ft wide. Though this can vary a good deal because pawpaws enjoy being in the shade and will often not grow to their full height. Requires pollination,though this is often done by flies/beetles. Note that pawpaw fruits spoil quickly but freeze well. Pawpaw trees seed to produce anywhere from 75-150 fruits per year once mature and pollinated, at the fruit weighting roughly a ⅜ pounds per fruit that’s roughly 28-56 pounds of fruit per tree. Note the skin and seeds of this fruit are toxic and should not be eaten.

Avocados: Yes this is a fruit, it’s just treated as a vegetable in the culinary world. As mentioned in the oil crops section, avocados can grow anywhere from 15-40 feet tall depending on species and can grow up to 16ft wide, meaning about 200square feet of space is needed per tree. Since these are self pollinating only one tree is needed. At 60lbs of fruit per tree this is an excellent choice to anyone living in a USDA zone that can grow them (zones 9 and warmer).

Kiwi: Able to be grown much farther north than I would imagine, additionally they’re grown something less like a tree and something more like a cross between a willow tree and a grapevine. These plants do well with an arbor system above them (it resembles a laundry line or a powerline) to hang its branches. This also means that since kiwis grow up in arbors and are deciduous, they can be used for heating and cooling arbors in temperate climates. Providing shade in summer and sunlight in winter, all while growing kiwi fruit to enjoy. Kiwifruit vines can stretch 30ft and grow in an assortment of ways that leave me to question why I included them with fruit trees. Pollination is required by both male and female species, so having multiple plants is a must. According to everything I’ve been able to find, the yield of fruit can vary greatly depending on the vines are grown, expect results to vary anywhere from 80lbs to 240lbs of fruit per mature vine. An interesting plant, and recommended for those looking for passive solar solutions or an arbor.

Jujubes: Sometimes called the chinese date, that tastes like an apple? Can be grown up to USDA zones 6 and warmer. It grows 8-30ft tall and seems as though 10ft is the bare minimum for spacing. Sometimes it self pollinates although it looks like pollination by bees is recommended. Yield for fruit is stated to be up to 100pounds per full grown tree, so 50-100lbs is likely expected.

Quinces: A small yet beautiful tree that is grown often for its aesthetic value. Grows up to 15ft tall and up to 12ft wide with beautiful pink and white flowers. Dwarf trees produce roughly half a bushel while full sized trees produce roughly a single bushel which is roughly 50lbs of fruit. Takes up 113square feet of space, the tree is self pollinated but performs better with additional pollinators. Heavily recommended that it be cooked down before eating. A plant for anyone who is looking to mix aesthetics and edible landscaping.

Pears: For people who find apples too basic. While a pear tree can grow 50feet tall and 35feet wide, pears will make do on a lower amount of space provided it is at least 200square feet. It’s recommended to space them at least 20ft apart from other trees. But not more than 200ft from another pear, as they require pollinators. A pear tree can produce 3-6 bushels which at 45lbs per bushel is roughly 135-270lbs of fruit per tree.

Figs: Makes excellent cookies as well as a delicious spread. Previously non coldy hardy, but species like the chicago figs and brown turkey have been changing that. Height can get anywhere from 10-30ft depending on species and they’ll grow 10-35ft wide depending on that same species. Figs are self pollinating so only one plant is needed. And Yields typically range from 132-176 pounds per tree.

Pomegranates: A superfruit, that means dumb people will spend too much money on this. Cold hardier than you would imagine, coming up to USDA zone 6 for russian pomegranate varieties. These fruits are a favorite of anyone with a juicer, or amongst bartenders making their own grenadine. Russian pomegranates are somewhat bushlike, growing 10ft tall and 10 wide, needing plenty of sunlight. These trees are self fertile, and produce 90-100lbs of fruit per tree.

Mulberries:Like blackberries but spoil easy and stain clothing easier.





Nut Trees:A vital component in all trail mixes. Nuts have a long shelf life, are easy to preserve, full of nutrients, protein, and often healthy fats. A welcome addition to many gardens, although wishing to harvest any considerable amount of nuts. I ask that the gardener be on the lookout and develop a plan to deal with squirrels.

Walnuts:

Chestnuts: Thanks to newer varieties now more resistant to the chestnut blight, many gardeners are now able to plant chestnuts for the first time.

Pecans:

Almonds:

Hazelnuts:
Berry Bushes and Understory Fruit: Note that these are fantastic for spaces that may not be able to be traditionally farmed and can have dual use. After all, if you need a fence line for your property, you might as well grow some food on it. Recommending to anyone

Grapes: Carpe Vinum, “seize the wine.” I’m basing this off of wine grapes because that’s the best data I’ve been able to find on this. Grapes produce roughly 6.7 pounds of fruit per decent vine. That same vine takes up roughly 6ft by 6ft of space, although these numbers vary because many may train said grapevines to run along fence lines with other things growing nearby. Additionally since many people plant grapes for the wine, I’ll add that it takes roughly 2.6 pounds of grapes to produce a single 25oz (750ml) bottle of wine. Or roughly 13.5 pounds of grapes to produce a gallon of wine. Note, while pollination is often not required it is encouraged to produce large yields. I highly recommend growing these, especially if there are already existing fence lines that they can be trained on.

Blueberries: Notably not quite blue. Blueberries are a favorite of everyone who’s had baked goods to anyone who makes protein smoothies. A full sized hightower blueberry bush can grow 6-12ft tall/wide although many smaller varieties exist. And said hightower varieties can grow 5-10lbs of blueberries per plant. Blueberries both freeze and dehydrate well. Note that blueberries do not require another species to cross pollinate with, but do benefit from it..

Blackberries: Recommended adding it in everything from wine to oatmeal. Blackberries now come in thornless varieties for easy management and typically grow 4 to 6ft tall/wide when fully grown. Although they reproduce through runners so a single bush can quickly get out of hand. A bush of this variety can produce as much as 10-20lbs of blackberries depending on size and cultivator (only a 1 quart per smallish plant). Self fruitful blackberries only require one plant but will require a pollinator species.

Raspberries: Personally my favorite jam of all time. Raspberries need 4-5 feet to grow as tall/wide. And will produce 1-2 quarts of raspberries per harvest. Self pollinating. Species come in all colors of the rainbow and not just red. Certain varieties come with little/no thorns as well. If unable to choose between Raspberries and Blackberries, Boysenberries are a hybrid between the two.

Aronia Berries / Chokeberries:Don’t let the name fool you, these are fairly sweet once they’re completely ripe. They're also a superfruit so people seem to love it. Grows 4-10ft wide/tall depending on the variety. And typically produces somewhere around 15-20lbs for a typical maturure plant to reports of as much as 38lbs for a single plant. While this plant is self pollinating to a degree, multiple types of these plants are recommended to ensure a good harvest.

Elderberries: Often made in syrups and added into other mixtures for its unusual flavor and supposed health properties. Also it must be notes that elderberries seeds are poisonous and the reason the berries are often cooked is to cook the cyanide in the seeds away. These bushes get to be almost 12ft tall and 6ft wide, so take care when planning where to put these, however they give an impressive yield at 15-20lbs per plant. It’s necessary to have 2 plants within 60ft of each other for cross pollination.

Gooseberries: A tart little plant that packs an absolute load of vitamins and minerals. These little green berries (which are sometimes reddish) grow around 3-5ft wide/tall and produce 8-10lbs of fruit when mature. As a bonus these bushes are also self pollinating, so a single bush can go a long way.

Currents: Familiar more so in Europe than North America due to the black currant’s ability to spread diseases to pine trees. Making them somewhat banned and forgotten about in america. Varieties include red, black, and even golden. The flavor is familiar to anyone who’s had the purple skittles overseas, or has tried creme de cassis.

Strawberries: A relatively short lived perennial, but a major case of the flame that burns twice as bright lasts half as long. Strawberry plants are short (less than 1ft)

Goji Berries: A superfood, that means grow it and sell it to stupid people for loads of money. In all honesty Goji berries are loaded with vitamins and have maybe the most unusual flavor out of all the berries on this list, resembling something of a hybrid between a strawberry, tomato, and aronia berry.







Tropicals: For things that are often difficult/impossible to grow outdoors (at least in my area) but may be inside

Pineapples

Citrus (lemons limes & oranges)

Dragonfruit

Coffee

Ginger

Tea




Textiles and thread: People generally need clothing in the overwhelming majority of climates. Even if

Wool

Cotton

Flax

Jute

Hemp

Silk






MISC: For everything that doesn’t really fit into one of the earlier categories. Here they are.

Water: Required for pretty much anything that requires life. Water is easy to farm, just wait for it to rain and figure out how much said person wants to store. I recommend finding old barrels/totes/cisterns, rinsing them out and hooking them up to a gutter system. Then apply a level of filtration necessary for the desired use. I would also recommend having these barrels at least slightly raised into the air, so that it's easier to move the water where it is needed. Note that the average person needs at least 1 gallon of water per day to live. However this number does not require things such as flushing toilets, doing laundry, showering, washing dishes, irrigating plants, or even just washing hands. However, given the amount of water that can be collected in a small area, this shouldn’t matter too much as if a 1000square foot building’s roof’s water was directed entirely into a storage container, that container would collect over 600 gallons every time it rained a single inch.

Lumber trees: Wood is a renewable easy to grow building material, and in a world of over seven billion people, all of whom need housing, tree farming is becoming more and more popular as a way of guaranteeing building lumber for years in the future.

Hay: For feeding animals and providing insulation.




Energy Farming: Since I’m including the spacing requirements for everything else in this guide, I figured I’d also include the spacing and conditions necessary to provide energy in each of these situations.For all the mathI’ll be using kilowatt hours and will include references as to what a kilowatt hour’s worth of energy can do.

A single kilowatt hour is able to be stored in a deep cycle battery such as a large heavy lead acid battery that would cost around 200 dollars each, or a smaller lithium ion battery pack that would cost around 400 dollars per battery. Note that the price of batteries is changing rapidly due to technology prices and that by the time I finish writing this it may be outdated.

1 kilowatt hour can run a microwave for an hour, or an electric stove long enough to cook a meal. It can run a Gaming PC for two hours or a laptop for ten hours. An older 60w lightbulb 16 hours, or a 6watt LED bulb for 165 hours.

1 kilowatt hour can charge an electric car to drive 4 miles, or an electric golf cart roughly the same amount, or charge 1.5 electric bike batteries that could power it for 35-75 miles.

1 kilowatt hour can run a whole house air condition for fifteen minutes to a half hour. Or run a small efficient single room AC unit for 2.5 hours. It can also run a room sized space hear for 1hour, a tiny personal space heater for 3 hours.




Energy (Photovoltaics): Provides energy only in the day (without storage) but since most people are only awake doing work (using energy) it tends to work out. Solar panels provide DC power at a rate of

Energy (Wind)

Energy (Water)

Energy (Concentrated Solar)

Firewood Trees: Fire is the oldest method of keeping warm and cooking food on the planet. Even if






Sources:

For Bulk calorie Crops

https://www.homeadvisor.com/r/average-yard-size-by-state/




http://www.waldeneffect.org/blog/Calories_per_acre_for_various_foods/

https://urbansurvivalsite.com/highest-calorie-crop-you-can-grow/




https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/food/in-defense-of-corn-the-worlds-most-important-food-crop/2015/07/12/78d86530-25a8-11e5-b77f-eb13a215f593_story.html

https://humaneherald.files.wordpress.com/2019/05/calories-and-protein-produced-per-acre-1.pdf

https://practicalselfreliance.com/acorn-flour/

https://naldc.nal.usda.gov/download/ORC00000242/PDF

https://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_State/Washington/Publications/Historic_Data/smallgrains/oats.pdf

https://www.ilga.gov/commission/jcar/admincode/008/00800600ZZ9998bR.html




https://extension.missouri.edu/publications/g4306

For Protein Crops

https://askinglot.com/what-is-the-yield-of-beans-per-acre

https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/publications/crops/black-and-navy-bean-response-to-row-spacing-and-plant-population-in-eastern-north-dakota

https://www.agrifarming.in/lentil-cultivation-income-profit-cost-project-report

http://corn.agronomy.wisc.edu/Crops/Chickpea.aspx

https://www.farmprogress.com/peanut/why-us-peanut-yields-have-doubled-past-50-years

https://humaneherald.org/2019/05/09/comparison-of-protein-and-caloric-energy-kcal-produced-per-acre-on-u-s-farms/

https://www.nutritionix.com/i/usda/peas-green-split-mature-seeds-raw-1-lb/513fceb675b8dbbc210021ec

For Oil Crops

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_of_biofuel_crop_yields

https://www.today.com/food/avocado-oil-new-coconut-oil-how-do-you-use-it-t65581

https://wikifarmer.com/walnut-tree-harvest-yields/

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/walnut-oil

https://catalog.extension.oregonstate.edu/sites/catalog/files/project/pdf/em9077.pdf




http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_yield.html

For Sugar Crops





https://www.sugarproducer.com/2021/02/rr-beets-show-increase-in

https://www.instructables.com/Making-Sugar-From-Sugar-Beets/





https://practicalselfreliance.com/trees-species-tap-syrup/

https://www.makemaplesyrupathome.com/how-much-maple-sap-from-a-tree-each-year/




https://gwens-nest.com/sugar-free-berry-syrup-recipe/




https://honestbeekeeper.com/how-much-honey-does-a-bee-hive-produce-per-year/




Animal Products

https://www.thecoldwire.com/how-much-meat-does-a-cow-yield/

https://farmingbase.com/how-many-cows-per-acre-do-you-need/

https://ffacoalition.org/articles/dairy-cows/

https://beef2live.com/story-beeftalk-feed-those-cows-right-amount-feed-0-123379

https://afs.ca.uky.edu/content/forage-acreage-needed-support-dairy-operation-determined-yield-and-quality-forages-harvested

https://www.theprairiehomestead.com/2015/03/separate-cream-from-milk.html

https://www.allrecipes.com/recipe/262240/easy-homemade-yogurt/

http://cheeseforum.org/articles/wiki-milk-cheese-yield/




https://www.wikihow.com/Make-Homemade-Whey-Protein

https://www.dimensions.com/element/domestic-pig

https://petpigworld.com/how-big-do-micro-pigs-get/

https://familyfarmlivestock.com/how-much-space-do-i-need-to-raise-pigs/

https://informedfarmers.com/how-much-meat-can-you-get-from-a-250-pound-pig/

https://familyfarmlivestock.com/how-many-pounds-of-feed-do-you-need-to-finish-a-pig/




https://www.knowyourchickens.com/how-much-space-do-chickens-need/

https://www.yardbirdsadvice.com/how-much-to-feed-chickens/

https://yourmeatguide.com/whole-chicken-portions-meat-yield/

https://www.metzerfarms.com/blog/how-much-space-should-i-have-for-my-ducks.html

https://poultry.extension.org/articles/feeds-and-feeding-of-poultry/feeding-ducks-for-egg-production-kept-in-small-flocks/

https://heritagefarm.com.au/2017/11/18/how-big-is-a-duck-egg/

https://www.thehappychickencoop.com/duck-eggs-everything-there-is-to-know/








Culinary Vegetables

https://www.canr.msu.edu/uploads/files/Table%204.pdf

https://sustainable-farming.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/urbanfringe-v07n01.pdf

https://www.johnnyseeds.com/on/demandware.static/-/Library-Sites-JSSSharedLibrary/default/dwc4643efa/assets/information/vegetables-direct-seeded-crop-seed-quantity-yield-chart.pdf

https://fsi.colostate.edu/jalapeno-peppers/

https://www.masterclass.com/articles/whats-the-difference-between-summer-squash-and-winter-squash-varieties-plus-3-ways-to-cook-squash#how-to-pick-a-ripe-squash




Herbs




Fruit Trees

https://pricklycider.com/2020/11/21/how-to-press-apples-into-cider/

https://whatthingsweigh.com/how-much-does-a-bushel-of-apples-weigh/

https://apples.extension.org/understanding-apple-tree-size-dwarf-semi-dwarf-and-standard/

https://www.starkbros.com/growing-guide/article/estimated-yield-for-fruit-trees

https://thegardenmagazine.com/how-to-grow-persimmon-trees/

https://www.uky.edu/ccd/sites/www.uky.edu.ccd/files/persimmon.pdf

https://www.starkbros.com/growing-guide/how-to-grow/fruit-trees/persimmon-trees/planting

https://www.starkbros.com/growing-guide/how-to-grow/fruit-trees/plum-trees/location

https://www.uky.edu/ccd/sites/www.uky.edu.ccd/files/pawpaw.pdf

https://www.hillbillypawpaws.com/atwood-pawpaw

https://www.wikihow.com/Grow-Kiwifruit





https://www.motherearthnews.com/organic-gardening/grow-a-kiwi-arbor-for-shade-and-fruit-zbcz2006

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/01140671.1993.9513785




https://www.growplants.org/growing/jujube-tree

https://www.tytyga.com/Jujube-Trees-s/1855.htm

https://fruitstand.com/blogs/stories/the-world-of-quinces

https://harvesttotable.com/how-to-plant-grow-prune-and-harvest-quince/

https://homeguides.sfgate.com/far-apart-plant-pear-trees-pollinate-55085.html

https://www.starkbros.com/products/fruit-trees/fig-trees/chicago-hardy-fig

https://gardenerspath.com/plants/fruit-trees/grow-hardy-chicago-fig/




https://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/fig.html




https://www.fast-growing-trees.com/products/cold-hardy-russian-red-pomegranate




Nut Trees





Berry Bushes

https://www.napavalleyprivatelabelwine.com/assets/client/files/napa-grape-growing-chart.pdf

https://greenupside.com/how-big-does-a-blueberry-bush-get/

https://www.starkbros.com/growing-guide/how-to-grow/berry-plants/raspberry-plants/planting

https://www.great-group-activities.com/growing-aronia-berries.html

http://aroniaberryservicesofneiowa.com/how-to-plant-aronia-berries.html

https://www.starkbros.com/growing-guide/how-to-grow/berry-plants/aronia-berry-plants/location

https://homeguides.sfgate.com/drought-tolerant-plants-outdoor-13771625.html

https://gardenerspath.com/plants/fruit/grow-elderberries/

https://extension.usu.edu/yardandgarden/research/gooseberries-in-the-garden








MISC

https://www.watercache.com/resources/rainwater-collection-calculator